{"id":14388,"date":"2026-06-09T15:29:04","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T13:29:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/?p=14388"},"modified":"2026-10-26T10:19:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T09:19:47","slug":"photovoltaics-for-multi-family-residential-buildings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/photovoltaics-for-multi-family-residential-buildings\/","title":{"rendered":"Solar for Multi-Family Buildings: Tenant Electricity, Shared Supply and Costs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Solar is no longer just for single-family homes. A solar system pays off on multi-family buildings too, for landlords, owners&#8217; associations and residents. The key is choosing the right model: should the solar power only cover communal electricity, be sold to residents as tenant electricity, or be shared through the new shared building supply? Here you&#8217;ll learn how the models work, what a system costs and what matters in planning and implementation.<\/p>\n<p>Planning solar on a multi-family building? <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/free-photovoltaic-quote\/\">Request your free, no-obligation quote now<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Solar for Multi-Family Buildings: Key Facts at a Glance<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Question<\/th>\n<th>Answer<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Models<\/td>\n<td>communal electricity\/full feed-in, tenant electricity, shared building supply, energy sharing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Simplest model for residents<\/td>\n<td>shared building supply (Section 42b EnWG), without a full-supply obligation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Costs<\/td>\n<td>approx. \u20ac1,450\u20131,750 per kWp without a battery, 20 kWp approx. \u20ac29,000\u201335,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yield<\/td>\n<td>about 893 kWh per kWp, 20 kWp just under 18,000 kWh a year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tax<\/td>\n<td>0% VAT, income tax exemption up to 30 kWp per residential unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Owners&#8217; association<\/td>\n<td>resolution of the owners by simple majority<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Models for Solar on Multi-Family Buildings<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Communal Electricity and Full Feed-In<\/h3>\n<p>The simplest option: the system supplies the communal electricity, such as the stairwell, basement, lift, heating pump or outdoor lighting, and feeds the rest into the grid. Alternatively, all the power is fed in. Since 1 August 2026, systems up to 10 kWp have received about 12.22 ct\/kWh with full feed-in and about 7.70 ct\/kWh with partial feed-in. The administrative effort is low, but so is the benefit for residents.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Tenant Electricity (Mieterstrom)<\/h3>\n<p>With tenant electricity, the system operator, meaning the landlord, owners&#8217; association or a commissioned service provider, sells the solar power directly to residents. The operator also supplies the residual power from the grid, becoming an electricity supplier with all the associated obligations. The key rules under Section 42a of the German Energy Industry Act (EnWG) are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The tenant electricity price may be no more than 90% of the local basic supply tariff.<\/li>\n<li>Participation is voluntary, and the electricity contract may not be tied to the tenancy agreement.<\/li>\n<li>Under the EEG, there is a tenant electricity surcharge (Mieterstromzuschlag) for the solar power supplied to residents. It is paid for power consumed in the building, not for power fed into the grid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tenant electricity usually brings the highest revenue, but also the most effort for billing, contracts and sourcing residual power. Many landlords work with specialist tenant electricity service providers for this.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Shared Building Supply (Gemeinschaftliche Geb\u00e4udeversorgung)<\/h3>\n<p>The Solar Package I introduced shared building supply in May 2024 (Section 42b EnWG). It is simpler than tenant electricity:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The operator provides solar power to residents, divided according to an agreed allocation key.<\/li>\n<li>Residents continue to buy their residual power from their own supplier, so the operator doesn&#8217;t have to provide a full supply.<\/li>\n<li>It requires metering via smart metering systems, so that generation and consumption can be allocated in 15-minute intervals.<\/li>\n<li>There is no tenant electricity surcharge for this model. Surpluses are fed into the grid and paid under the EEG.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Shared building supply is particularly suited to smaller multi-family buildings and owners&#8217; associations that want to avoid the effort of a tenant electricity model. Which model is more economical in your case depends on the number of units, consumption levels and your willingness to handle billing.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Energy Sharing<\/h3>\n<p>Since mid-2026, Section 42c EnWG has allowed solar power to be shared with neighbours or other buildings via the public grid. Grid fees and levies apply, and there is no dedicated funding. For power consumed in the same building, tenant electricity or shared building supply is therefore usually more economical. A comparison of the models is under <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/selling-solar-power-to-tenants\/\">selling solar power to tenants<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>PVPro Solar: Your Solar System for the Multi-Family Building<\/h2>\n<h3>Planning Matched to the Model<\/h3>\n<p>We size the system by roof area and consumption in the building and to suit the chosen model, from communal electricity to shared building supply. The roof analysis and yield forecast are free.<\/p>\n<h3>Metering Concept Agreed with the Grid Operator<\/h3>\n<p>For tenant electricity and shared building supply, we agree the metering concept with the grid operator, usually enercity Netz or Avacon in the Hanover region, and plan any necessary meter cabinet changes from the start.<\/p>\n<h3>Installation by Our Own Specialists<\/h3>\n<p>Modules from AIKO, JA Solar or Longi, a Fronius inverter, an optional BYD battery and K2 Systems mounting by our own certified technicians, including on flat roofs. We register the system with the grid operator and in the Market Master Data Register.<\/p>\n<h3>Fixed Price and Clear Responsibilities<\/h3>\n<p>You get a fixed price and pay using the 30\/70 model. For electricity supply and billing with tenant electricity, we recommend a specialist service provider; we take care of the technical side.<\/p>\n<h2>Solar in an Owners&#8217; Association (WEG)<\/h2>\n<p>In an owners&#8217; association, the roof usually belongs to all owners. A PV system on it is a structural change that the owners have been able to approve by simple majority since the 2020 WEG reform (Section 20 WEG). Section 21 WEG governs who pays: if the measure is approved by more than two thirds of the votes cast and more than half of the co-ownership shares, all owners generally bear the costs; otherwise only those who voted in favour. With shared building supply, the building electricity use contract can also be replaced by a resolution of the owners. If in doubt, have the resolution checked by your property manager or a lawyer.<\/p>\n<h2>Technical Requirements for Solar on Multi-Family Buildings<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Roof area and orientation:<\/strong> south-, east- and west-facing roofs are suitable. Flat roofs are covered with mounting frames; read more under <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/photovoltaic-installation-flat-roof\/\">solar installation on a flat roof<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Roof condition:<\/strong> the roof covering should last as long as the system, 25 years or more. Otherwise, renovate first; see <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/solar-panels-and-roof-renovation\/\">solar panels and roof renovation<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Meters and metering concept:<\/strong> for tenant electricity and shared building supply, the metering concept must be agreed with the grid operator. The meter cabinet often needs modifying.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fire safety:<\/strong> clearances apply to multi-family buildings, for example to fire walls. See <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/new-pv-fire-separation-rules-in-lower-saxony\/\">PV fire separation rules in Lower Saxony<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Solar obligation:<\/strong> in Lower Saxony, new residential buildings and many roofs undergoing major renovation have had to be fitted with photovoltaics since 2025 (Section 32a NBauO). More under <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/solar-panels-and-roof-renovation\/\">solar panels and roof renovation<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>System size:<\/strong> this depends on the roof area and consumption in the building. As a rough guide, a 20 kWp system in the Hanover region produces just under 18,000 kWh a year at about 893 kWh per kWp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How Much Does Solar for Multi-Family Buildings Cost?<\/h2>\n<p>For the system itself, we calculate about \u20ac1,450\u20131,750 per kWp without a battery as a guide. A 20 kWp system therefore costs about \u20ac29,000\u201335,000. Depending on the model, there are additional costs for the meter cabinet, metering concept and possibly a tenant electricity service provider. We give you the specific fixed price after the on-site visit.<\/p>\n<p>Since 1 January 2023, the zero VAT rate has applied to supply and installation on or at residential buildings, so you pay 0% VAT. This also applies to rented buildings. For systems up to 30 kWp, the conditions count as met automatically.<\/p>\n<p>Want to know what&#8217;s possible on your roof? <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/free-photovoltaic-quote\/\">Request your free, no-obligation quote now<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Funding and Financing for Solar on Multi-Family Buildings<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tenant electricity surcharge<\/strong> under the EEG for solar power supplied to residents in the building (tenant electricity model only)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Feed-in tariff<\/strong> for surpluses, fixed for 20 years for systems commissioned by 31 December 2026. According to the government&#8217;s draft <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/eeg-amendment\/\">EEG amendment 2027<\/a>, it is set to fall significantly for new small systems after that.<\/li>\n<li><strong>0% VAT<\/strong> on supply and installation on residential buildings<\/li>\n<li><strong>Income tax exemption<\/strong> under Section 3 No. 72 EStG for systems up to 30 kWp per residential or commercial unit, up to a total of 100 kWp per taxpayer<\/li>\n<li><strong>KfW 270 loan<\/strong> for the system and battery, which is a loan and not a grant<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hanover region:<\/strong> in Hanover and five neighbouring municipalities, proKlima&#8217;s DachVollToll funds fully covered roofs on residential buildings with \u20ac100 per kWp, up to \u20ac2,000, while funds last, if you apply before placing the order. According to proKlima, applications for 2026 are possible until 31 October 2026. For tenant electricity in buildings with 3 to 20 residential units, there is an additional SolarMieterStrom bonus of \u20ac1,000. Find out more under <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/solar-systems-hannover-funding\/\">solar funding in Hanover<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Hanover Region&#8217;s Dach-Solar:<\/strong> only if the roof is insulated at the same time, with \u20ac150 per m\u00b2 of module area above the legal minimum and \u20ac50 per m\u00b2 of insulation, up to \u20ac50,000 for residential buildings. If the calculated grant is below \u20ac4,000, the application is excluded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Balcony Power Stations: The Alternative for Individual Tenants<\/h2>\n<p>Tenants who don&#8217;t want to wait for a shared system can use a balcony power station with up to 800 watts of inverter output. It only needs registering in the Market Master Data Register. Tenants do need the landlord&#8217;s consent, but since October 2024 they&#8217;ve had a legal claim to it. Find out more under <a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/balcony-photovoltaic-system\/\">balcony solar systems<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Request a Quote for Your Multi-Family Building<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/free-photovoltaic-quote\/\">Request your free, no-obligation quote now<\/a>, or call us on +49 511 3360603 or message us on WhatsApp at +49 176 2399 8536.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions About Solar on Multi-Family Buildings<\/h2>\n        <section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n            <div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3>What is the difference between tenant electricity and shared building supply?<\/h3>                <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    <p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWith tenant electricity, the operator supplies residents with solar power and residual power from the grid and receives the tenant electricity surcharge. With shared building supply, only the solar power is divided according to a key, and residents keep buying residual power from their own supplier. That's simpler, but there's no tenant electricity surcharge.                    <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\t\t        <section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n            <div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Do all tenants have to take part?<\/h3>                <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    <p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNo. Participation is voluntary in both models, and a tenant electricity contract may not be tied to the tenancy agreement. Anyone who doesn't take part keeps their existing electricity supplier.                    <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\t\t        <section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n            <div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3>How cheap must tenant electricity be?<\/h3>                <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    <p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tUnder Section 42a EnWG, the tenant electricity price may be no more than 90% of the local basic supply tariff.                    <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\t\t        <section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n            <div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3>What is the tenant electricity surcharge paid for?<\/h3>                <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    <p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFor the solar power supplied to residents in the building, not for power fed into the grid. It applies only to the tenant electricity model, not to shared building supply.                    <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\t\t        <section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n            <div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3>How much power does a system on a multi-family building produce?<\/h3>                <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    <p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIn the Hanover region, we calculate about 893 kWh per kWp per year, so a 20 kWp system produces just under 18,000 kWh. How much of it is used in the building depends on the number of units and their consumption.                    <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\t\t        <section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n            <div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Does 0% VAT apply to rented multi-family buildings too?<\/h3>                <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    <p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tYes. The zero rate applies to the supply and installation of PV systems on or at residential buildings, even if they're rented out. For systems up to 30 kWp, the conditions count as met automatically.                    <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\t\t        <section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n            <div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3>How does an owners&#039; association approve a PV system?<\/h3>                <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    <p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAs a structural change by simple majority under Section 20 WEG. If it is approved by more than two thirds of the votes cast and more than half of the co-ownership shares, all owners generally bear the costs; otherwise only those who voted in favour (Section 21 WEG).                    <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\t\t        <section class=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card \">\n            <div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Is there a solar obligation for multi-family buildings in Lower Saxony?<\/h3>                <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    <p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSince 2025, for new residential buildings and for many roofs undergoing major renovation (Section 32a NBauO). Part of the suitable roof area must then be covered with photovoltaics.                    <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n    {\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"What is the difference between tenant electricity and shared building supply?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"With tenant electricity, the operator supplies residents with solar power and residual power from the grid and receives the tenant electricity surcharge. With shared building supply, only the solar power is divided according to a key, and residents keep buying residual power from their own supplier. 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It applies only to the tenant electricity model, not to shared building supply.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"How much power does a system on a multi-family building produce?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"In the Hanover region, we calculate about 893 kWh per kWp per year, so a 20 kWp system produces just under 18,000 kWh. How much of it is used in the building depends on the number of units and their consumption.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Does 0% VAT apply to rented multi-family buildings too?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Yes. The zero rate applies to the supply and installation of PV systems on or at residential buildings, even if they're rented out. For systems up to 30 kWp, the conditions count as met automatically.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"How does an owners' association approve a PV system?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"As a structural change by simple majority under Section 20 WEG. If it is approved by more than two thirds of the votes cast and more than half of the co-ownership shares, all owners generally bear the costs; otherwise only those who voted in favour (Section 21 WEG).\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Is there a solar obligation for multi-family buildings in Lower Saxony?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"Since 2025, for new residential buildings and for many roofs undergoing major renovation (Section 32a NBauO). Part of the suitable roof area must then be covered with photovoltaics.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t    ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<p>Note: This article provides a general overview (as of October 2026) and does not replace tax or legal advice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Solar is no longer just for single-family homes. A solar system pays&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":14385,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[488],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides-fundamentals"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Solar for Multi-Family Buildings | PVPro Solar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Solar for multi-family buildings: tenant electricity or shared building supply, the EnWG rules, costs, tax and funding for landlords.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pvprosolar.de\/en\/photovoltaics-for-multi-family-residential-buildings\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Solar for Multi-Family Buildings | PVPro Solar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Solar for multi-family buildings: tenant electricity or shared building supply, the EnWG rules, costs, tax and funding for landlords.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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